What is a wedge and how does it function as a simple machine?

A wedge is a simple machine characterized by its triangular shape. Its primary function is to convert a force applied at the top into a splitting force that acts downward. When you apply force to the wide end of a wedge, it forces the two sides apart, effectively separating the materials it is driven into. This splitting action is utilized in various applications, such as splitting wood or driving nails.

The triangular design enhances its effectiveness by allowing it to focus the applied force into a smaller area, resulting in a greater force exerted in the splitting direction. This concept of transforming a single force into a more powerful action in another direction defines how wedges operate.